Page 9 - Kinder-Book

4 English Grammar and Composition | Class 5

1.7 What are the Parts of English Grammar? (BsGiwR eÅvKiGYi Askmgƒn Kx Kx?)
•hGKvGbv fvlv I ‣i eÅvKiY mÁ·GKÆ mgÅK aviYv •cGZ nGj •mB fvlvi eÅvKiY mswkÏÓ¡ •g…wjK welqàGjv AaÅqb Kiv
AZů¦ Ri‚wi| BsGiwR fvlv fvGjvfvGe Avqî Kivi RbÅ ‣i welqeÕ§GK cuvPwU •g…wjK fvGM fvM Kiv nGqGQ| h^v
1. Orthography (A^ÆMÉvdx) eYÆ cÉKiY : English Grammar-‣i •h AsGk AÞi ev eYÆgvjv ‣es kGõi evbvb,
cÉKviGf` (the study of letters and they are used to express sounds and form words) BZÅvw` mÁ·GKÆ
AvGjvKcvZ Kiv nq ZvGK Orthography ev eYÆ cÉKiY eGj|

2. Etymology (BwUGgvjRx) c` cÉKiY : English Grammar-‣i •h AsGk kõ ev cG`i eyÅrcwî (the history of
words & its oritin) mÁ·GKÆ AvGjvKcvZ Kiv nq, ZvGK Etymology ev c` cÉKiY eGj|
3. Syntax (wmbUÅvÝ) evKÅ cÉKiY : English Grammar-‣i •h AsGk evGKÅi MVb (studies of sentence
structure & formation) mÁ¼G®¬ AvGjvKcvZ Kiv nq, ZvGK Syntax ev evKÅ cÉKiY eGj|
4. Punctuation (cvsPzGqkb) weivgwPn× cÉKiY : English Grammar-‣i •h AsGk Sentence-‣ weivgwPGn×i
eÅenvi (marks indicating how a piece of written text should be read) mÁ·GKÆ AvGjvKcvZ Kiv nq, ZvGK
Punctuation ev weivgwPn× cÉKiY eGj|
5. Prosody (•cÉvmwW) Q±` cÉKiY : English Grammar-‣i •h AsGk KweZvi Q±` cÉGqvGMi •K…kj (study of
meter, rhyme, sound and pattern of words) mÁ¼G®¬ AvGjvKcvZ Kiv nq, ZvGK Prosody ev Q±` cÉKiY eGj|

1.8 What is Sound? (Sound ev a»wb KvGK eGj?)
•KvGbv word (kõ) DœPviGYi mgq Avgiv evM&hG¯¨i mvnvGhÅ •h mgÕ¦ AvIqvR m†wÓ¡ KGi ^vwK ZvG`iGK Sound
ev a»wb ejv nq| (SOUND is the meaningful unique utterance of a language.)
D`vniYÕ¼i…c Avgiv hw` book kõwU DœPviY KiGZ hvB ZGe b-o-o-k ‣B Sound-àGjv gyGL DœPviY KiGZ nq| ‣LvGb,
b,o,o,k nGœQ Sound ev a»wb|

gGb ivLGe (Remember)
 gGbi fve cÉKvGki gƒj Dcv`vb nGœQ sound ev a»wb| ‣wU fvlvi Þz`ËZg ‣KK|
 BsGiwR fvlvq 44wU gƒj a»wb ev sound iGqGQ| ‣i gGaÅ 20wU vowel sound ‣es 24wU consonant sound| ‣B
44wU a»wbi cÉwZwUiB ‣KvwaK mna»wb (allophone) iGqGQ|
 BsGiwR fvlvq eÅen†Z 44wU sound-•K 26wU letter ev eGYÆi gvaÅGg cÉKvwkZ nq|
Example of Vowel Sounds (Õ¼ia»wbmgƒn)
/ɪ/  w/B lip /lɪp/ -wjc& /e/  ‣/G ten /ten/•Ub& /ɑː/  `xNÆ Av/Av: (v:) cart /kɑːt/-Kv:U&
/iː/  C/ x bean /biːn/-exb& /æ/  ‣Åv/AÅv man /mæn/-gÅvb& /ɒ/  A fox /fɒks/-dK&m&
/ɔː/  I/I: port /pɔːt/-•cvU /u/  D/ y foot /fut/-dzU& /uː/  E/ ƒ fool /fuːl/-d„j&
Av
AÅ

/ʌ/  nËÕ¼ /v cut /kʌt/-KvU& /ɜː/  `xNÆ Av girl /gɜːl/-Mvj& /ə/  AÅ/ Å ago /əˈɡəʊ/- •M…
Example of Consonant Sounds (eÅéba»wbmgƒn)
b /b/  e (bag) /j/  R (gem) r /r/  i (road)
c /k/  K (cat) /zh/  S (mirage) rh /r/  i (rheumatic)
/s/  m (city) gh /g/  M (ghost) s /s/  m (sit)
ch /ch/ P (church) h /h/  n (hen) sh /sh/  k (sure)
/k/  K (character) j /j/  R (jam) t /t/  U (ten)
/kh/  L (loch) k /k/  K (kite) th /th//θ/  ^ (thin)
/sh/  k (charlatan) l /l/  j (lamp) /th//ð/  `. (then)
d /d/  W (dog) m /m/  g (man) v /v/  f. (very)
/dʒ/  R n /n/  b (net) x /ks/  K&m& (next)
dh /dh/  X (adhere) p /p/  c (pipe) /z/  R. (xylophone)
f /ʃ/  d. (fog) ph //  d (phase) z /ʒ/  R.. (zebra)
g /g/  M (get) q /k/  K (quit) /zh/  S. (aʒure)