Page 8 - Kinder-Book

Applied Grammar 3

An Introduction to

01 English Grammar

1.1 What is Language? (Language ev fvlv KvGK eGj?)
•h mKj A^ÆGevaK Sound ev a»wbi mvnvGhÅ Avgiv AvgvG`i gGbi fve cÉKvk KGi ^vwK •m mKj a»wbi
mgwÓ¡GKB language ev fvlv eGj|
(The sounds which are used to express our thoughts and feelings are called LANGUAGE.)

gGbi fve cÉKvGki meGPGq kwÚkvjx gvaÅg nGœQ fvlv| gvbyl gGbi fve cÉKvGki RbÅ Zvi wRn»v, K¥¤, Zvjy, bvwmKv, `¯¦,
IÓ¤, BZÅvw` evM&hG¯¨i mvnvGhÅ ciÕ·Gii •evaMgÅ wewf®² aiGbi sound ev a»wb DœPviY KGi ^vGK| ‣ mKj a»wbi A^Æen
mgwÓ¡B nGœQ fvlv| c†w^exi mKj AçGji gvbyl ‣KB fvlvq K^v eGj bv| Açj ev •`k •fG` eü iKGgi fvlv cÉPwjZ
iGqGQ| •KvGbv •KvGbv •`Gk ‣KvwaK fvlvi cÉPjbI jÞ Kiv hvq|

1.2 What is Mother Language? (Mother Language ev gvZ‡fvlv KvGK eGj?)
•`k ev AçjGfG` gvbyl wf®² wf®² fvlvq K^v eGj ^vGK| •hgb Avgiv evsjvG`wk; Avgiv evsjv fvlvq K^v ewj| ZvB
AvgvG`i gvZ‡fvlv evsjv ev Bengali| ‣gwbfvGe, BsGiRG`i gvZ‡fvlv BsGiwR (English), AviexqG`i gvZ‡fvlv Aviwe
(Arabic), divwmG`i gvZ‡fvlv divwm (French), RvcvwbG`i gvZ‡fvlv Rvcvwb (Japanese), BZÅvw`| gvbyl gvGqi KvQ
•^GK ÷Gb ÷Gb gvZ‡fvlv wkGL ^vGK| ‣i RbÅ •KvGbv cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK wkÞvi `iKvi nq bv|

1.3 What is International Language? (International Language ev Av¯¦RÆvwZK fvlv KvGK eGj?)
*
c†w^exGZ cÉvq mvGo wZb nvRvi fvlv cÉPwjZ iGqGQ ‣es cÉvq me •`GkB BsGiwR (English) fvlvi cÉPjb iGqGQ|
cviÕ·wiK •hvMvGhvM iÞvi RbÅ wek¼RyGo mvaviY fvlv wnGmGe BsGiwR MÉnYGhvMÅZv •cGqGQ| ‣RbÅ BsGiwR fvlvGK
‧Av¯¦RÆvwZK fvlv
ev International Language ejv nq| Avi ZvB c†w^exi mKj •`GkB ZvG`i gvZ‡fvlvi cvkvcvwk
BsGiwR fvlv •kLvi Ici ài‚Z½ •`Iqv nq|

1.4 What is State Language? (State Language ev ivÓ¡Çfvlv KvGK eGj?)
State language ev ivÓ¡Çfvlv nGjv •KvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ •`Gk weGkl ghÆv`vcÉvµ¦ fvlv hv mswkÏÓ¡ •`Gki AvBb-Av`vjZ I msm`mn
AbÅvbÅ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ cÉwZÓ¤vGb eÅen†Z nGq ^vGK| gƒjZ ivÓ¡Çxq KvhÆKÌg cwiPvjbvi RbÅ miKvi KZ‡ÆK Õ¼xK‡Z fvlv-B nGœQ State
language ev ivÓ¡Çfvlv| •hgb AvgvG`i ivÓ¡Çfvlv nGœQ evsjv (Bengali)|
‣KwU •`Gk ‣KvwaK fvlv cÉPwjZ ^vKGZ cvGi| D`vniYÕ¼i…c, fviGZ wnw±` QvovI evsjv, Amgxqv, D`, àRivwU BZÅvw` fvlv
yÆ
cÉPwjZ iGqGQ| Avevi, msÕ‫‡wZ I ghÆv`vi wfwîGZI ivÓ¡Çfvlv wbaÆvwiZ nGq ^vGK| •hgb wbDwRjÅvG´£i ivÓ¡Çfvlv ‧gvIwi
fvlv (Maori Language)
hvGZ gvò 5 fvM gvbyl K^v eGj ^vGK|

1.5 What is Grammar (Grammar ev eÅvKiY Kx?)
•hme wbqgwewa RvbGj •KvGbv fvlv ÷«¬fvGe coGZ, wjLGZ I ejGZ cviv hvq ZvGK Grammar ev eÅvKiY
eGj| (GRAMMAR is a method of reading, writing and speaking a language correctly.)

•hGKvGbv fvlvGK Rvbvi RbÅ •hgb •m fvlvi wbqg-Kvbyb Z^v eÅvKiY wkLGZ nq •Zgwb BsGiwR fvlv •kLvi RbÅ BsGiwR
eÅvKiY wkLGZ nq| Avgiv evsjvq hvGK eÅvKiY ewj BsGiwRGZ ZvGK Grammar eGj|

1.6 What is English Grammar (English Grammar ev BsGiwR eÅvKiY Kx?)
•hme wbqgwewa RvbGj BsGiwR fvlv ÷«¬fvGe coGZ, wjLGZ I ejGZ cviv hvq ZvGK English Grammar
eGj| (The methods or rules which give us the knowledge of speaking, reading and writing
English correctly are combinedly called ENGLISH GRAMMAR.)

* evsjv eÅvKiY I wbwgÆwZ, 8g •kÉwY, (RvZxq wkÞvKÌg I cvVÅcyÕ¦K •evWÆ, XvKv)-2018